In their article, Rebman and colleagues write, “we found a relationship between contrast sensitivity (CS) impairment in participants with [post-treatment Lyme disease] compared to controls that is associated with neurologic abnormalities and specific cognitive test impairments.”
Contrast sensitivity is a measure of a person’s ability to distinguish the foreground from background that is not detected by the common visual acuity testing in a routine eye exam.
It is most important when the contrast between objects and their background is reduced, such as low light, fog or glare. For example, driving at night requires good contrast sensitivity for safety.
Contrast sensitivity is strongly associated with reading performance, ambulation mobility, driving, face recognition, and tasks of daily living, explains Arditi.2
Other visual changes in Lyme disease
A number of other visual disturbances can occur in Lyme disease patients, including visual processing problems such as blur, visual fatigue, double vision, convergence insufficiency, tracking issues or headaches associated with visual activities.3
A 20-year-old woman, who developed visual changes due to Lyme disease, “presented for a neuro-optometric exam with complaints of headaches, asthenopia, occasional diplopia, extreme light sensitivity, dizziness and loss of balance,” writes Padula and colleagues.4
“She reported her symptoms started about 2 years ago with day-to-day fluctuations in her symptoms. Upon further questioning, the patient reported difficulty with reading and near work producing diplopia and headaches.”
READ MORE: Erratic rapid eye jerks in child with Lyme disease
The woman reported feeling fatigued after reading and experienced brain fog, the authors write.
She had “difficulty tolerating busy/crowded environments, which produced anxiety and a feeling of being overwhelmed. Her attention span and cognition decreased since her symptoms started, and she experienced difficulty in school.”
Additionally, Mikkilä et al. have reported that photophobia and severe periodic ocular pain can be characteristic symptoms of Lyme disease. The authors suggest, “In the differential diagnosis of retinal vasculitis, Lyme borreliosis should be taken into account, especially in endemic areas.”5
Related Articles:
Lyme disease causes vision loss in 46-year-old woman
References:
- Contrast Sensitivity Loss in Patients With Posttreatment Lyme Disease by Alison W. Rebman; Ting Yang; John N. Aucott; Erica A. Mihm; Sheila K. West in the journal Translational Vision Science & Technology March 21. 2012
- Arditi A. Improving the design of the letter contrast sensitivity test. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Jun 2005;46(6):2225-9. doi:10.1167/iovs.04-1198
- Padula Institute of Visual Rehabilitation, “Lyme and Tick-borne Disease: Compromise of Visual Processing”, Accessed July 11, 2018
- Visual disturbance with undiagnosed etiology in the Primary Care Optometry News by William Padula and Ayra Sayyed. https://www.healio.com/news/optometry/20200214/visual-disturbance-with-undiagnosed-etiology Last accessed 4/10/21.
- Mikkilä HO, Seppälä IJ, Viljanen MK, Peltomaa MP, Karma A. The expanding clinical spectrum of ocular lyme borreliosis. Ophthalmology. 2000 Mar;107(3):581-7. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00128-1. PMID: 10711899.
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